siwi (iPosterSessions - an aMuze! Interactive system)

Introduction

Human urine makes an excellent high nitrogen liquid fertilizer for crop production.

Rich in nitrogen and can be used to fertilize crops like maize.
Contains other nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium.
These nutrients could be useful as fertilizers.
pure human urine contains very few enteric microorganisms if there is no fecal contamination.
Urine has been
successfully used to fertilize other crops like cucumber, cabbage, wheat and tomatoes in addition to maize.
The use of urine as a fertilizer is not a new phenomenon. Therefore, human urine can go a long way to assist in the growth, yield and production of maize in both small scale and large scale
Maize provides,
worldwide, over 40 million tones of proteins to humans annually (Anon, 1967 & 1988).
In Africa, maize consumption could compare with that of Guatemala, accounting for about 64% of the total daily calorie intake of the rural dwellers especially during the "hunger period” (Obi, 2006).
In southern Nigeria, maize has been the principal cultivated cereal until the introduction and expansion of production of rice and has been used primarily as human food (Obi, 2006).

OPEN

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study were to:

1. Evaluate the effect of human urine on the growth and yield of three maize varieties.

2. Compare the effects of other sources of nitrogen like poultry manure, NPK (15:15:15), urea and human urine on the growth and yield of three varieties of maize.

OPEN

Methodology

The experiment was designed to determine the effectiveness of human urine as a viable and beneficial form of plant fertilization in comparison with other means of nutrient supply to crop plants.

Experiment was a 5 x 3 factorial, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)

Had factor A as five sources of fertilizer (human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK(15:15:15) and control

Factor B was three maize varieties: Suwan (v1), ikom white(v2), and obasuper II (v3)

This gave a total of 15 treatment combinations replicated three times giving a total of 45 plots of the experiments.

Urine treatment was tried on all three varieties of maize.
Maize fertilized with human urine was compared with those fertilized with other nitrogenous sources of fertilizer; poultry manure, urea, NPK 15:15:15 respectively.
There was a control treatment which served as a yardstick for the entire experimental set up.
Application of human urine started 2 weeks after germination and continued at intervals of 2 weeks until 3 weeks before harvest.
Fifteen litres (15L) of urine was diluted with 10 litres of tap water before it was applied

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

The experiment was carried out at the experimental field opposite the Ebonyi state university post graduate building in Abakaliki which falls within longitude 08°3’E and latitude 06°, 25'N in the derived savannah region of the south east agro ecological zone of Nigeria.
The field measured 342m² a product of 38m length and 9m width.
A bed of 2m x 2m was manually raised with a total number of 15 beds per block.
This was replicated 3 (three) times giving a total number of 45 beds in all. ,
All field operations were done manually and there was no form of irrigation as maize plants were strictly rain fed

Agronomic Practices:

Planting

Seeds were planted at a plant spacing of 25cm x 75cm at one plant per stand on a bed of 2m x 2m.

Fertilizer Application

Human urine was collected from private homes and stored in air-tight containers for a period of two weeks (2 weeks) before application was done.
Before application 15 liters of the collected urine sample was diluted with 10 liters of water.
Human urine was applied 2 weeks after germination and application continued until 3 weeks before harvest.

Weed Control

Weeding was done manually at intervals of 2 weeks and continued as the need arose

Data Collection

The following data were collected at different intervals of the plant growth:

i: number of leaves

ii: leaf area index (LAI)

iii: leaf area (LA) (cm2)

iv: plant height (cm)

v: days 50% tasseling

vi: days to 50% silking

vii: dehusked cob weight

viii: undehusked cob weight

ix: cob length (cm)

x: harvest index.

Statistical Analysis

Analysis of variance for factorial experiment in a randomized complete block resign CRCBD) as described by Obi (1995) was carried out on collected data.

OPEN

Results

Table 1 shows the main effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15), and a control on the various growth parameters (number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index plant height) and yield parameters (days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, un-dehusked cob weight, dehusked cob weight, harvest index).
The table shows that human urine and other nitrogenous fertilizer sources used, significantly (p=0.05) influenced the growth and yield parameters measured in this experiment.
Human urine had a significant effect on height of the maize which recorded 232.22cm while the least height was 220.19cm for poultry manure

Table 2 shows the main influence of the fertilizers on the three maize varieties (Suwan, Ikom white, and oba super II) in relation to the growth parameters .
The table shows how the above mentioned maize varieties are being influenced as per plant height, cob length, dehusked cob length, undehusked cob length, leaf area, leaf area index, harvest index, days to 50% silking, and days to 50% tasseling by the treatments applied.
Ikom white recorded the highest plant height of 231.37cm and the least was suwan which recorded 217.75cm.
The three maize varieties were significantly different (p=0.05) at plant height, leaf area, undehusked cob weight and days to 50% tasseling.

Table 3 shows the interaction of human urine, other nitrogenous fertilizer sources and three maize varieties significantly (P=0.05) influencing the plant height (cm) of maize.
The plant height was highly improved at the interaction of fertilizer sources and three maize varieties.
An interaction of human urine and Ikom white produced an outstanding height of 246.57cm which was the tallest among the .three varieties.
However Obasuper II appears to be taller than suwan but insignificantly different from one another.
The highest mean effect was recorded for human urine as 232.22cm while the least 220.19cm was recorded for poultry manure.
Statistically, plant height had a significant effect at both 5% and 1 %.

Table 4 shows results of the interaction of human urine and other nitrogenous fertilizer sources and three maize varieties which significantly (p=0.05) influenced the number of leaves of maize.
The number of leaves significantly increased at the interaction of fertilizer sources and three maize varieties.
An interaction of NPK (15:15:15) and Ikom white produced a leaf number of 11.3 which was the highest among the three varieties.
The highest mean effect was recorded for NPK (15:15:15) as 10.7 while the least 9.5 was recorded for poultry manure.

Table 5 shows the interaction of human urine and other nitrogenous fertilizer sources three maize varieties.
Cob length of the maize varieties was significantly (p=0.05) influenced by the interaction of the treatments.
The cob length showed significant increase at the interaction of human urine and Oba super II producing a cob length of 19.8cm which was the highest among the three varieties.
The highest mean effect 18.5cm) was recorded on both NPK (15:15:15) and human urine while the least l".9cm was recorded for poultry manure

Table 6 shows the interaction effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15), and a control on the leaf area and leaf area index of three Varieties of maize; Suwaan, Ikom white, and Oba super II.
There was a significant difference (p=0.05) on the effect of human urine and Ikom white on leaf area with the highest and least mean leaf area of 726.988cm2 and 628.454cm2 while the highest and least mean leaf area index recorded 4.151 and 3.608 for human urine and urea.

Table 7 shows the results obtained from the interaction effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15), and a control on dehusked and undehusked cob weight of three varieties of maize; Suwaan, Ikom white, and Oba super II.
The highest mean value of 402.78kg and 313.89kg were recorded at maize varieties fertilized human urine at both undehusked and dehusked cob weight respectively.
Statistically, there was no significant difference (p=0.05) on the effect of the human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15) and control on the dehusked and undehusked cob weight

Table 8 shows results from the interaction effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea. NPK (15:15:15), and three maize (Suwan, Ikom white, Oba super II) varieties on days to 50% tasseling.
The table showed that maize varieties fertilized with human urine took a shorter period of time to tassel with a mean days to 50% tasseling of 52 than those fertilized with poultry manure, urea, and NPK (15:15:15) which had a mean days to 50% tasseling of 55.
The control took the longest period of time to tassel (60days) as there was no form of fertilizer applied.
However, there was a significant effect (p=0.05) on days to 50% tasseling as influenced by the application of human urine, poultry manure, NPK (15:15:15), urea and a control.

Table 9 shows the interaction effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15) and three maize varieties (Suwaan, Ikom white, Oba super II) on days to 50% silking.
The table shows that the control took the longest number of days to 50% silking than those fertilized with human urine, poultry manure, urea, and NPK (15:15:15).
The interaction of human urine and Suwan gave rise to the least number of days to 50% silking (58days).
However the days to 50% silking between the three maize varieties (Suwan, Ikom white and Oba super II) fertilized with the treatments (human urine, poultry manure, NPK (15:15:15), and urea) was not significantly different.

Table 10 shows the interaction effect of human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15) and a control on harvest index of three varieties of maize? (Suwaan, Ikom white, Oba super II).
The table shows that the interaction of Suwaan variety and poultry manure recorded the highest harvest index of 0.490 while the interaction between Oba super II and urea gave a least harvest index of 0.404.

OPEN

Challenges/Limitations

Transportation of containers with human urine in them to the experimental site.

Offensive odour from stored human urine during application.

Breakage of maize stem caused by heavy winds and rains which resulted in some plant losses.

OPEN

Discussion/Conclusion

The results of this experiment clearly showed that all three varieties of maize responded positively to the treatments (human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK' (15:15:15)) applied, except for the control that had no form of fertilizer applied.
Maize varieties fertilized with human urine produced almost similar results as those fertilized with other sources of nitrogenous fertilizer.
This agrees with the works of Kirchmann and Pitterson (1995), which affirmed that the urea or ammonium-N in urine compares well with that of urea and inorganic fertilizer. This can be seen in the graphical illustration in Figure 1.

It was observed that at 4weeks, plants inorganically fertilized grew faster than those fertilized organically.
This agrees with the work of Cathrine Mburu (2012), who reported that this could be explained by the fact that the application of artificial fertilizer was done at once which made the plant reach its maximum earlier than the urine treatments.
There was a

significant difference (P=0.05) in the plant height among varieties of maize fertilized with human urine and other sources of nitrogen (poultry manure, urea and NPK (15:15:15)).
There was a remarkable increase in height among maize varieties fertilized with different treatments except the control which had the least height.
However, it can be deduced that the corresponding increase in plant height with different nitrogenous sources( human urine, poultry manure, urea and NPK (15:15:15) is attributed to the fact that nitrogen promotes plant growth, increases the number and length of the internodes which results in progressive increase in plant-height.
Similar results were reported by Sharma (1973), Turkhede and Rajendra (1978), Koul (1997), Saigusa et al. (1999) and Gasim (2001).
However, all three
varieties of maize responded positively to the nitrogenous sources of fertilizer applied, with human urine competing immensely with urea, NPK (15:15:15) and poultry manure. There was no form of treatment applied to the control (T5).
The mean difference of plant height showed that at 5% level of jgroberbUity urine treatment had its highest level of significance at (72.73) and least level of .significance at (28.5) while poultry manure, urea and NPK(15:15:15) had 44.33, 33.59 and 31.31 at 5% probability respectively.
The number of leaves increased significantly at different nitrogenous sources of fertilizer (human urine, poultry manure, urea and NPK 15:15:15)) applied.
The increase in the number of leaves could possibly be ascribed to the work of Jonsson, (1997) who stated that the fertilizer volume of urine applied is comparable to the application of the same amount of plant nutrients in form of chemical fertilizer.
Human urine had the highest leaf area of 837.387cm2
compared to other treatments (Table 6) while poultry manure had the highest leaf area index of 4.248cm3 which reveals that nitrogen present in organic fertilizer (human urine and poultry manure) enhances growth and consequently influences leaf expansion as well as development, thereby increasing the leaf area and the leaf area index of the maize plant.
This agrees with the work of Asiegbu and Uzo (1984), that the use of organic manure -.vhen properly applied generally enhances size, height and number of leaf as well as benefits fruiting in plants 'like maize.
However, the mean difference showed a significant difference (p<0.05) at 81.3cm3, 60.16cm3, 50.83cm3 in human urine, poultry manure and urea respectively on leaf area.
The number of days to
50% tasseling and silking was significantly affected by the different nitrogen treatments (human urine, poultry manure, urea, NPK (15:15:15)) applied.
Nitrogen application accelerated the time to reach days to 50% tasseling and silking compared to the control treatment.
These results are fully in line with the findings of Richard et al (1983), who reported that nitrogen decreases the interval from seeding to flowering.
Maize varieties fertilized with poultry manure had the highest mean harvest index of 0.385 this was followed by NPK (15:15:15), human urine, and urea which had 0.354, 0.342, and 0.318 respectively (Table 10).
The application of human urine, poultry manure and other nitrogenous fertilizers helped in the increase of the biological weight and economical yield of the maize plant thereby leading to an increased harvest index.
Taste Assessment
In the taste assessment test, tasters could not differentiate between maize fertilized with human urine and those fertilized with other sources of fertilizers.
However tasters did not prefer any particular maize samples as all the maize grains were evaluated as being good-tasting.
This shows that human urine does not affect the taste of any crop it is being fertilized with.

OPEN

Author Info

CURRICULUM VITAE

Full names: ODIKAMNORO Oliver Onyemaeze

Date and Place of Birth: 12th September, 1962, Orsu

Local Government Area: Orsu

State of Origin: Imo

Permanent home address: 34, Udemezue street, Abakaliki. Ebonyi state

Current Postal Address: P.O. Box 329, Abakaliki

Cell Phone Number: 08037793696

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Marital status: Married

Number, names and ages of children: 5children, Oluchukwu (25), Amaka (23), Ikenna (19), Nnaemeka (18), and Uchechukwu (14)

Name and address of spouse: Ngozi Odikamnoro, 34, Udemezue Street, Abakaliki

Name and address of next of kin: Ngozi Odikamnoro, 34, Udemazue Street, Abakaliki

Institutions attended with dates:

University of Nigeria, Nsukka 2004-2010

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 1992-1996

Anambra State University of Technology, Enugu 1986-1990

Urhonigbe Grammar School, Urhonigbe 1980-1985

Union Primary School, Orsuihiteukwa 1967-1973

Academic qualifications with dates:

PhD (2011)

M.Sc. (1996)

B.Sc. (1990)

GCE O’Level (1985)

FSLC (1973)

Professional Qualifications with dates:

v Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) Usuman Dan Fodyo University (2012)

v Certificate in Safe and Sustainable Sanitation, Tampere University of Technology

(Finland) (2009)

v Certificate in General Health, Safety and Environment, Nigeria Institute of Safety

Professionals (1997)

Previous Employment:

2006 – Date: Senior Lecturer Applied Biology Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

2004 – 2006: Lecturer I Applied Biology Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

2000 – 2004: Lecturer II Applied Biology Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

199 8 – 2000: Assistant Lecturer Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

Teaching and Research Experience:

v Teaching at the undergraduate level in introductory, intermediate and advanced Biology courses in various sub-specialities such as Parasitology, Entomology, Histology, Biological Techniques, Taxonomy and Systematics, Biotechnology, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Epidemiology etc.

v Teaching at the Postgraduate level in Parasitology, Immunology, Entomology and Public Health Legislation for PGD Students and Epidemiology, Advanced Helminthology, and Advanced Immunology for M.Sc Students.

v Headed various community health projects on water, sanitation, health mobilisation and tropical diseases surveillance

v I have supervised and mentored numerous undergraduate and postgraduate students

v Co-ordinator/Team Leader (Ebonyi State).RAPLOA Survey in 7 southern states supported by the Carter Center, Nigeria.2015.

v Carried out entomological field surveys in various parts of Ebonyi state to determine the abundance of insect vectors of parasitic diseases.

Information on some Master’s Dissertations supervised.

Title of dissertation

Name of Student

Commencement/Completed

Supervision

Incidence of Intestinal Nematode Infection Among School Children in Ezza North L.G.A. Ebonyi State

ADIKANKWU OGOCHUKWO R.

Commenced 2008. Completed 2010

Sole Supervision

Transmission Potential of the metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica in Irrigated Vegetable Farms in Endemic Communities of Ebonyi State

UHUO COSMAS A.

Commenced 2012. Completed 2014

Sole Supervision

Geohelminth Contamination of Farmlands in Ebonyi State

NWOKE UCHENNA U..

Commenced 2009. Completed 2013

Sole Supervision

Prevalence of Echinococcosis i Cattle Slaughtered at Abakaliki Abbatoir, Ebonyi State

EDE JOHN U.

Commenced 2012. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Studies on Urinary Parameters of Children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Ukawu, Ebonyi State.

ELOM JULIANA E

Commenced 2012. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Hookworm infection in Rural Communities of Unwana, Ebonyi State

NNACHI IJEM A.

Commenced 2012. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Studies on metacercarial infection of Crabs and Crayfishes in Freshwater Bodies in Ebonyi State

ABARIKE MOSES C.

Commenced 2012. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Malacological Studies of Freshwater Snails in Ezza North L.G.A. Ebonyi State

NWOKPORO NKIRUKA R.

Commenced 2013. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Studies on Quality Parameters of Domestic Water Bodies in Ebonyi L.G.A. Ebonyi State

Nwidembia Chukwudi V

Commenced 2013. Completed 2015

Sole Supervision

Service to the Nation and immediate community

Ø 1999 – Date: Member Rotary Club of Abakaliki, District 9140 Participated in the Rotary Polio Plus campaigns for eradication of poliomyelitis. Participated in all community project of Rotary – Adult Literacy, Road Safety, Youth empowerment, etc.

Ø 1999/2000: Sergeant Arms, Rotary Club of Abakaliki

Ø 2000/2001: Director, Club Services Rotary Club of Abakaliki

Ø 2001/2002: Secretary, Rotary Club of Abakaliki

Ø 2002/2003: Vice-President, Rotary Club of Abakaliki

Ø 2000 – Date: Member, Orsu Ihiteukwa Development Union (OIDU), Orsu L.G.A., Imo State.

1999 – Date: Member, Orsu Local Government Welfare Association, Abakaliki

List of publications with dates:

JOURNALS:

1. Elom, J.E, Odikamnoro, O.O., Nnachi, A.U, Ikeh, I.M, Nkwuda, J.O (2017). Variability of urine parameters in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Ukawu Community, Onicha local government area, Ebonyi state, Nigeria. African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11(2): 10-16.

2. Odikamnoro, O.O., Ikeh, I.M., Uhuo, C.A., Okoh, F.N., Ebiriekwe, S.C. and Nnadozie, I.A (2016). Prevalence and management practices of malaria in a rural community of Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 11(1 ver 1): 61-65.

3. Onwe, S.O., Ani, O.C., UHUO, A.C., Onwe, C.S and Odikamnoro, O.O (2016). Studies of urinary schistosomiasis among school age children in Ebonyi North Senatorial District of Ebonyi State. Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health 18(3): 1-7

4. Odikamnoro, O.O, Okeaguale, B.O., and Eyankware, U.R.O (2016). Survey of parasites in water sources in Ishieke and its environs, Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 1(2): 1-14

5. Owaka, E.E, Njoku, O.O, Uhuo, C.A, Odikamnoro, O.O (2016). Survey of intestinal helminth infection among school children in rural communities of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication 6(5): 75-85

6. Nwidembia, C.V, Odikamnoro, O.O, Nnachi, A.U, Egwuatu, C.C, Nwinyimagu, A.J, Aghanya, I.N, Achi, E.C (2016). Examination of the physicochemical characteristics of domestic water sources in Ebonyi local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 5(06): 306-311.

7. Nwidembia, C.V., Odikamnoro, O.O., Nnachi, A.U., Egwuatu, C.C., Aghanya, I.N., Ezejiofor, O.I., Mbachu, I., Ukaegbu, C.O., Efunshile, A.M and Adogu P.O.U (2016). Investigation of faecal coliform contamination of domestic water sources in Ebonyi local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Journal on Applied Life Sciences International 6(3): 1-7

8. Nwidembia, C.V., Odikamnoro, O.O., Nnachi, A.U., Egwuatu, C.C., Aghanya, I.N., Nwinyimagu, A.J., Ezejiofor, O.I., Mbachu, I and C.O. Ukaegbu C.O (2016). Parasitological assessment and public health implications of water used for domestic purposes in Ebonyi local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health 17(4): 1-7

9. Okoh, F.N., Odikamnoro, O.O., Okoye, I.C and F.C Okafor, F.C (2016). Common parasites prevalent among school children in Nnobi, Idemili South Local Government Area of Anambra state. Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45(1): 371

10. Odikamnoro, O.O, Uhuo, C.A., Nwoke, E.U, Daniel, L.E, Ebiriekwe, S.C, Elom, M.O (2015) Survey of common gut parasites of goats slaughterOed at Ankpa abbatoir, Kogi state. Nigeria. Implication for public health. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventions 2(05): 885-891.

11. Nnachi, I.N., Odikamnoro, O.O., Nnachi, A.U., Ani, O.C., Uhuo, A.C. and Egwuatu, C.C (2015). Epidemiology of hookworm infection and the influence of some epidemiological factors on their prevalence in some farming communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health 10(4): 1-10

12. Ozowara, N.L, Njoku, O.O, Odikamnoro, O.O, and Uhuo, C.A (2015). Schistosoma haematobium infection in rural communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 10(2 ver. III):66-69.

13. Odikamnoro, O.O, Uhuo, C.A, Ikeh, I.M, Ogiji, E.D, Ibiam, G.A, Azi, S.O, Akpan, L.J, and Okoh,N.F (2015). Anti-bacterial activities of two medicinal herbs on Salmonella typhi isolates in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Improvement to herbal medicine. Journal of Bacteriology Research 7(2): 14-18.

14. Odikamnoro, O.O., Iganga, A., Ozowara, N.L.and Okoh, N (2014) Prevalence of malaria among pregnant mothers and possible relationship to parity in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology 4(4): 15-19

15. Odikamnoro, O.O, Ikeh, I.M, Uhuo, C.A, Akpan, I and Azi, S.O (2014) .A survey of parasites in drinking water sources in rural communities of Ohaukwu local government area, Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria- Implication for public health. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 6(4):165-168

16. Odikamnoro, O.O, Omowaye, O.S and Aneke, G.U (2014). The quality and composition of borehole water in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sci-Afric Journal of Scientific Issues, Research and Essays 2(1): 15-18

17. Okoh , F.N and O. Odikamnoro, O.O (2014) Mortality of A. gambiae egg stage exposed to lambdacyhalothrin. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 21: 170

18. Odikamnoro, O.O, Omowaye, O.S and Aneke, G.U (2014) Bacteriological and chemical analysis of borehole water in Abakaliki metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4(2): 88-94

19. Omowaye, O.S, Audu, P.A, Iyaji, F.O, and Odikamnoro, O.O (2014). Community water-bodies and parasitic infection in Eastern zone of Kogi State, Nigeria. Unique Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2(2): 009-012.

20. Okoh, N.F, Odikamnoro,O.O, Uhuo, C. A, Okereke, C.N, Azi, S.O, and Ogiji, E.D (2014). Epidemiology of malaria among children aged 1- 15 years in Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 6(11): 390-397.

21. Nwele David E, Odikamnoro, Oliver O, Ibiam, Gideon A, and Azi, Simon O (2013). The Toxicity Effect of N.P.K Agro-Fertiliser on Oreochromis niliticus Fingerlings, the Physiological Impact. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Volume 3 No.9

22. Uhuo, A.C., Okafor, F.C., Odikamnoro, O.O., Onwe, C.S., Abarike, M.C and Elom, J.N (2013). Common gastrointestinal parasites of local chicken (Gallus domesticus) slaughtered in some selected eatery centres in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State: Implication for meat quality. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 2(2): 1416-1422

23. Uhuo, C.A., Odikamnoro, O.O., Okafor, F.C., Ikeh, I.M., Ibiam, G.A., Okoh, F.N and Nwuzo, A.C (2013). Transmission potential of Fasciola gigantica in irrigation water sources in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 2(3): 1885-1890.

24. Nwoke, E.U, Ibiam, G.A, Odikamnoro, O.O, Umah, O.V, Ariom, O.T and Orji, I. (2013). Examination of soil samples for the incidence of helminth parasites in Ebonyi north-central area of Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria. Archives of Applied Science Research 5(6): 41-38

25. Odikamnoro, O.O, Omowaye, O.S,and Agbom, M.C (2013). Soil helminthiases on farm land in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.Unique Research Journal of Agricultural Science 1(5): 070-075.

26. Omowaye, O.S. and Odikamnoro, O.O (2013). Examination of food-borne parasites in northern part of Nigeria. Standard Scientific Research and Essays. 1(5): 113-115

27. Nwigwe, Juliet O., Njoku, Oliver O., Odikamnoro, Oliver O and Uhuo, Cosmas A (2013). Comparative study of intestinal helminth and protozoa of cattle and goats in Abakaliki metropolis of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research 4(2): 223-227

28. Okoh, Ngozi, Odikamnoro, O.O and Uhuo, A.C (2013). Lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide)-treated curtains, mats and blankets as alternative to insecticide-treated bed-nets for mosquito control. European Journal of Experimental Biology 3(2): 187-190

29. Nwanchor, K.C,Uhuo, C.A, Odikamnoro, O.O, Nwele, D.E, Ani, C., and Ajana, A.J (2013). Nutritional assessment and health importance of Vitex doniana leaf and fruit (MBEMBE) in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Agriculture Volume 10: 55-58.

30. Odikamnoro, O.O (2012) Aggregated studies of urinary schistosomiasis in parts of Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16: e170-e171

31. Odikamnoro, O.O and Uhuo, C.A.(2012) A Survey of Mosquito Species and Implications for Malaria Transmission in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences.3(5): 10-12

32. Odikamnoro, O.O., Uhuo, C.A., Nwele, D.E., Nwancho, K.C and Nwuzo, A.C (2012) Abundance of Dipteran Vectors in Peri-Urban Settlements of Southeast Nigeria-Implications for Public Health. World Journal of Biotechnology 13(1): 1886-1889.

33. Adikankwu, O.R, Odikamnoro, O.O, Uhuo, A.C, and Nwuzor, A.C (2012). The Prevalence of Intestinal Nematodes in School Children in Ebonyi Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Biomedical Sciences 6(1): 13-17.

34. Uhuo, A.C., Ani, O.C., Odikamnoro, O.O., Mgbabu, C.N and A.C. Nwuzo, A.C (2012). The Prevalence of Eimeria Parasites in Cattle Slaughtered at Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.Nigeria. African Journal of Sciences 13(1): 3010-3016.

35. Uhuo, A.C; Odikamnoro, O.O and Ani, O.C (2011): The Incidence of Intestinal Nematodes in Primary Schools in Ezza North Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research 2(5): 257-262

36. Uhuo, A.C; Odikamnoro, O.O and Ani, O.C (2011): The Prevalence of Haemoparasite Infections among Humans in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Microbiology 5(20: 11-15

37. Elom, M.O; Alo, M.N; Odikamnoro, O.O and Nwani, C.D. (2011): Plasmodium falciparum Infection among Ante-Natal Clinic Patients at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTHAI), Abakaliki: Implication for Intensification of Preventive Measures. www.internetmedicalpublication.com/biomedicalresearch.htm vol. 1

38. Nneka, L. Ozowara; Oliver O. Njoku, Oliver O. Odikamnoro, Cosmos Uhuo (2011): Study of the Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium Infection and the Treatment Using Praziquantel among School Children in Ezza North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology 1(2): 103 – 108

39. Uhuo; A.C., Odikamnoro, O.O., Nwuzo, A.C and Uraku, A.J (2011): The Prevalence of Urinary schistosomiasis in Rural Areas of Ezza North L.G.A of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences 14(2): 9802 – 9813

40. Uhuo,A.C; Odikamnoro, O.O; Nwuzo,A.C (2011). The Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Sheep and Goat Slaughtered at Hill Top and Meat Market Abattoirs, Abakaliki. African Journal of Biosciences 4(1): 51-54.

41. Alo, Moses; Elom, Michael; Odikamnoro, Oliver; Onyebuchi Azubuike (2011). Asymptomatic Co-infection of Candidiasis andVaginal Trichomoniasis Among Ibo Women of Child-bearing Age in Ebonyi State, South-eastern Nigeria. Nigerian Biomedical Science Journal 7(4): 30-31.

42. Odikamnoro, O.O. (2010): Poor Impact of the Primary Health Care (PHC) on Malaria Control in Rural Communities of Southeast, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol.14; Number Suppl 1, pages 2109 – 2110

43. Odikamnoro, O.O., Mgbabu; C.N., Ude, E.F and Nwani, C.D (2009): Bacterial and Fungal Contaminants of Fish Sold at Abakpa Main Market, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India 12(2): 285 – 287

44. Odikamnoro, O.O; Ikeh, I.M.; and Nwani C.D (2009): Assessment of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Primary School Children in Abakaliki Urban, Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India 12(1): 45-49.

45. Odikamnoro, O.O; Ikeh, I.M; Elom, M.O; Nworie, N; and Nwani, C.D.(2009): Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Pathogens Associated with Schistosoma haematobium Infections in Rural Communities of Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria- A Growing Public Health Concern. Journal of Environment and Biosciences. 23(2):209-214

46. Mgbabu, C.N, Ani, O.C., Odikamnoro, O.O. and Uhuo, A.C. (2009). Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among Pregnant Women in Izzi Area of Ebonyi State. Nigeria. Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences 4(1): 5-8.

47. Okeke, C.U., Elekwa, I.E., and Odikamnoro, O.O. (2007): Study of the Effects of leaf Extract of T. Catappa Linn. On the Activity of Endogenous Calmoidulin. Journal of Science Engineering and Technology. 14:1 7106-7115

48. Odikamnoro, O.O. (2007): Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rural Ikwo People (Ebonyi State) In the Management of some Common Parasitic Diseases. Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences 1(1):5-7

49. Odikamnoro, O.O. and Alo, M.N. (2007): Epidemiological Implication of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Pre-secondary School Children in Ebonyi State. Journal of Biomedical Sciences Africa. Vol. 5:4-6

50. Odikamnoro, O.O. and Ikeh, I.M. (2006): Prevalence of Common Intestinal Helminth Infections among Primary School Pupils in Kpiri-Kpiri sub-urban area of Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Journal of Biomedical Sciences Africa; 5(1):37-40.

51. Odikamnoro, O.O. and Ikeh, I.M. (2006): Persistence of Dracunculiasis Inspite of control Efforts in Ezza North L.G.A. of Ebonyi State. Journal of Biomedical Sciences Africa; 4:27-29

SELECTED AUDIENCE PRESENTATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

52.Odikamnoro O, and Meldrum, A (2015) Government/Community Participation in Water Management and Poverty Reduction. World Water Congress XV. May 25-29, 2015, Edinburgh, Scotland.

53.Odikamnoro, O and Meldrum, A (2015). Building a Model for Stakeholder Participation in Water Projects in Rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. World Water Congress XV, May 25-29, 2015, Edinburgh, Scotland.

54.Odikamnoro, O and Uguru, O (2015). An Assessment of Basic Parameters of Domestic Water Quality in some Rural Communities of Southeast Nigeria. World Water Congress XV. May 25-29, 2015. Edinburgh, Scotland.

55.Odikamnoro O.O and Ozowara, N.L (2014) Pathogens in drinking water sources in rural communities of Nigeria-Implications for public health. International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID) April, 4-6, Cape Town, South Africa.

56. Odikamnoro, O.O. and Ozowara, N.L (2013). Assessment of Community Participation in Water Supply in Rural Communities of eastern Nigeria-Impact of Community Project Management Committees (CPMC). World Water Week. September 1-6, 2013 Stockholm, Sweden.

57.Odikamnoro, O.O. (2013) Studies on Microbial and Parasitological Contaminationof Water Sources in Rural Communities of Southeast Nigeria-Implication for Public Health India Water Week, April 8-12, 2013.New-Delhi, India.

58. Odikamnoro, O. O. and Ozowara, N.L. (2012). Agricultural Practices that Promote Mosquito Breeding in Rural Farming Communities of Southeast Nigeria: Implication for Food Security.. World Water Week. August 26-31, 2012 Stockholm Sweden

59 Odikamnoro, O.O (2010): Poor Impact of the Primary Health Care (PHC) on Malaria Control in Rural Communities of Southeast, Nigeria. 14th International Conference on Infectious Diseases, March 9-12, 2010, Miami Florida USA.

60. Odikamnoro, O.O and Ikeh, I.M.(2009). Possible Public Health Implication of Excreta Re-use in Poorly Sanitated Rural Farming Communities of Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. . 3rd International Dry Toilet Conference, Aug.12-15, 2009. Tampere, Finland

61. Odikamnoro, O.O and Ikeh, I.M (2009). Parasitological Contamination of Stored Water in Rural Communities of Southeast Nigeria- Implications for Public Health. World Water Week,, Aug.16-22 2009, Stockholm, Sweden.

62. Odikamnoro, O. O. (2008). A Community - Based Model for Volunteerism in HIV/AIDS Awareness and Prevention in Rural Communities of Imo State, Nigeria. Striving towards HIV prevention, Microbicides (2008), 24th – 27th February 2008 New-Delhi India.

63. Odikamnoro, O. O. (2008) Preventing Endemic Parasitic Diseases In Rural Communities Of Developing Countries- A Challenge To Sanitation And Water Supply. World Water Week. August 17-23, 2008 Stockholm Sweden

CONTRIBUTED CHAPTERS IN BOOKS/MONOGRAPHS

64. Odikamnoro, O.O; Odoh, B.I.; and Egboka, B.C.E. (2011): Meeting the Millennium Development Goal (MDGS) on Water Supply and Sanitation in Ebonyi State. Major Public Health Water Resources Management Challenges. In: B.C.E Egboka and B.I Odoh (Eds), Water: Ecological Disasters and Sustainable Development (Monograph) (pp 198-202). Germany, UK, USA LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.

65. Ikeh, I.M., Odikamnoro, O.O., Okoh, F. and Ani, O.C. (2006). Sex Linkage In: Ibiam O.F.A. (eds.). Reading in Genetics. Onakib Publishers PP 195-201.Enugu

66. Odikamnoro, O.O. (2005). Man and his Environment. In: Okeke, P.N. and Ekpe O.E. (eds.) Science for man. Rejoint Comm. Services Ltd. Pp 39-47.Enugu.

67. Odikamnoro, O.O. (2003) Reproduction. In: Mbah M.C. and Oselebe H.O. (eds.). General Biology. 2nd Edition. Speed and Skill Pub. Coy PP 160-191.

68. Odikamnoro, O.O. (2003). The Plant Kingdom. In: Mbah M.C. and Oselebe H.O. (eds). General Biology. 2n Edition. Speed and Skill Pub. Coy PP 11-41.

TEXT BOOKS

69. Odikamnoro, O.O (2014) Urinary phenol levels in individuals infected with Schistosoma haematobium and possible relationship to disease severity. Lambert Academic Publishing LAP Germany, UK, USA

70. Ikeh, I.M. and Odikamnoro, O.O. (2005). A Textbook of Public health Parasitology. Oktek Publishers, Enugu.

71.Nwani, C.D.; Odikamnoro, O.O.; Ikeh, I.M. (2001). Fundamentals of Biology for the Basic Sciences FolsunTechnologies, Abakaliki.

72.Nwani, C.D.; Odikamnoro, O.O.; Ikeh, I.M. (2000). General Biology – A Practical Handbook. Folsun technologies, Abakaliki

Honours, Distinction and Membership of Learned Professional Societies:

v Award of Excellence for Outstanding Contribution to Education by Orsu Local Government Area Development Union, Lagos, (2011)

v Certificate of Merit as a Merchant of Light (2013) by the Amihie-Orsu Town Development Union, Orsu L.G.A for answering the clarion call for community development when it mattered most

v Certificate of Commendation for outstanding performance, National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), Bendel State, (1991)

v Distinguished Member, Central Advisory Board (CAB), ChemTECH WaterEx World Expo, 2017, Mumbai, India.

v Member, Central Advisor Board (CAB), WaterEx Gujarat, India. 2016

v Member, Central Advisory Board (CAB). WaterEX World Expo and Conference, 2015, Mumbai, India

v Member, Central Advisory Board (CAB), WaterEx South, 2015

v Member, International Advisory Board WaterEX SOUTH, 2013. International Exhibition and Conference, Chennai, India.

v Member Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) since 1988

v Member Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) since 2008

v Member Global Water Operators Partnership Alliance (GWOPA) since 2009

v Member Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) since 2009

v Member International Water Association (IWA) since 2012.

Extra-curricular Activities: Reading, travelling, surfing the internet, sports

REFEREES

1. Prof. F.C. Okafor

Department of Zoology

University of Nigeria

Nsukka, Nigeria.

Phone: +234 803 4613288

Email: [email protected]

2. Prof. O.O Njoku

Department of Biological Sciences,

Federal University of Technology,

Owerri, Nigeria

Phone: +234 803 8268467

Email: [email protected]

3. Prof. O.I Okogwu

Department of Biological Sciences,

Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Nigeria

Phone: +234 8052400929

Email: [email protected]

CLICK TO ENTER CONTENT