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Better Wash Services lead to educational progressions for girls

Dorice Agol, Peter Harvey and Javier Maíllo

UNICEF, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya

Context

Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a common barrier to educational progression in developing countries. We highlight the need for WASH facilities in schools (WinS), as an important aspect of promoting quality education particularly for girls. We show that improved water and sanitation in schools can increase enrolment rates for girls and decrease incidences of repetition and dropout. We show this evidence through analysis of data from over 10,000 schools in Zambia. The analysis is disaggregated by gender and grade.

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Key messages

Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a common barrier to educational progression especially for girls;

Improved WASH facilities can increase enrolment, reduce repetition and dropout rates in schools;
There is need for adequate WASH facilities in schools as an important aspect of promoting quality education.

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Enrolment ratios

Female-to-male enrollment
ratios were higher in schools with 20 or less students per toilet compared to schools without toilets.

More girls were enrolled in grade 8 compared to boys in schools with more toilet facilities.

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Repetition ratios in crowded toilets

Our findings suggest that poor access to sanitation facilities can increase incidences of absenteeism by girls as they are more likely to stay at home during their menstrual cycle.

Repeated absenteeism can lead to poor performance and eventual repetition of a grade.

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Drop-out ratios in poor WASH situation

There were significant gender differences in drop-out rates

More girls dropped out in schools with poor WASH compared to boys particularly in grade 7.

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REFERENCES

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